一、鋁合金板的低溫形變熱處理簡介
1、 Brief introduction of low temperature thermomechanical treatment of aluminum alloy plate
低溫形變熱處理又稱為形變時(shí)效。廣泛的處理方式有：
Low temperature thermomechanical treatment is also called deformation aging. A wide range of treatment methods are as follows:
①淬火一冷(溫)變形一人工時(shí)效；
① Quenching cold (warm) deformation artificial aging;
②淬火一自然時(shí)效一冷變形一人工時(shí)效；
② Quenching natural aging cold deformation artificial aging;
③淬火一人工時(shí)效一冷變形一人工時(shí)效。
③ Quenching artificial aging cold deformation artificial aging.

冷變形造成位錯(cuò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，使脫溶相形核更為廣泛和均勻，有利于提高合度和塑性，有時(shí)也可提高鋁合金板的抗蝕性。
Cold deformation results in dislocation network, which makes the nucleation of desolvent phase more extensive and uniform, which is beneficial to improve the cohesion and plasticity, and sometimes the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy plate.
二、鋁合金板冷變形對失效過程的影響
2、 Effect of cold deformation on failure process of aluminum alloy plate
1、冷變形對鋁合金板時(shí)效過程的影響規(guī)律較為復(fù)雜。它與淬火、變形和時(shí)效規(guī)程有關(guān)，也與鋁合金板本性有關(guān)。對同一種合金來說，與時(shí)效時(shí)沉淀相類型有關(guān)，簡言之，主要依靠形成彌散過渡相而強(qiáng)化的合金，時(shí)效前冷變形會使合金強(qiáng)度提高。這類合金淬火后，經(jīng)冷變形再加熱到時(shí)效溫度時(shí)脫溶與回復(fù)過程同時(shí)發(fā)生。
1. The effect of cold deformation on the aging process of aluminum alloy sheet is complex. It is related to the rules of quenching, deformation and aging, and also to the nature of aluminum alloy plate. For the same alloy, it is related to the type of precipitation phase during aging. In short, for the alloy strengthened mainly by forming dispersed transition phase, cold deformation before aging will improve the strength of the alloy. After quenching, the desolvation and recovery occur simultaneously when the alloy is heated to aging temperature after cold deformation.
脫溶將因冷變形而加速，脫溶相質(zhì)點(diǎn)將因冷變形而更加彌散。與此同時(shí)，脫溶質(zhì)點(diǎn)也阻礙多邊化等回復(fù)過程。若多邊化過程已發(fā)生，則因位錯(cuò)分布及密度的變化，脫溶相質(zhì)點(diǎn)的分布及密度也會發(fā)生相應(yīng)的改變。
The desolvation will be accelerated by cold deformation, and the desolvation phase particles will be more dispersed by cold deformation. At the same time, the desolvent point also hinders the recovery process such as multilateralization. If the multilateralization process has taken place, the distribution and density of particles in the desolvent phase will also change with the change of dislocation distribution and density.
2、低溫形變熱處理亦可采用溫變形。在溫變形時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)回復(fù)進(jìn)行得相當(dāng)激烈，有利于提高鋁合金板形變熱處理后材料組織的熱穩(wěn)定性。低溫形變熱處理對Al-Cu-Mg系合金特別有用。
2. Warm deformation can also be used in low temperature thermomechanical treatment. The dynamic recovery is very intense during warm deformation, which is beneficial to improve the thermal stability of the material after thermomechanical treatment. Low temperature thermomechanical treatment is especially useful for Al Cu Mg alloys.
例如，2A12合金鋁板淬火后變形20%,然后在130℃時(shí)效10~20h,與常規(guī)熱處理比較，抗拉強(qiáng)度可提高60N/mm2,屈服強(qiáng)度可提高100N/mm2塑性尚好2A11鋁合金板淬火后在150℃軋制30%,然后在100℃時(shí)效3h,與淬火后直接按同一規(guī)范時(shí)效的材料相比，抗拉強(qiáng)度提高50N/mm2,屈服強(qiáng)度提高130N/mm2,但A值降低50%。
For example, 2A12 aluminum alloy plate is deformed by 20% after quenching, and then aged at 130 ℃ for 10 ~ 20h. Compared with conventional heat treatment, the tensile strength and yield strength of 2A12 aluminum alloy plate can be increased by 60N / mm2 and 100N / mm2 respectively, and the plasticity is still good. 2A11 aluminum alloy plate is rolled at 150 ℃ after quenching, and then aged at 100 ℃ for 3h. Compared with the material aged directly according to the same specification after quenching, the tensile strength and yield strength of 2A12 aluminum alloy plate are increased by 50N / mm2 and 130n / mm2 respectively, But a value decreased by 50%.